Ancient Egyptian Religion By: Adrian Martinez

       The Ancient Egyptian Religion had beliefs that were complex and had many parts to them. Formal religions practiced centered on the king of Egypt. Although he was a human of some sort. The pharaoh king was believed to be descended from the Gods. He acted as if the interior of the country was a joke between him and his people, and he was obligated to the Gods.

            

              You might have this question in mind. How did the Pharaoh King deserve this throne or why was he so demanding? Well he was chosen by the other gods once the first Pharaoh King passes away. The gods also communicated through language that was supposed to represent the “law”. The Gods did the plan so that they can maintain order in the Universe . life and death became a part in different types of culture. In my research I found out that the Christian gods banned all specific types of different cultures such as “Hebrew” to flee. 

                             This research has focused on how the government back then was unfair and selfish.

                

                  Far through the years, they had provided the pharaoh enough. So in return, he gave them the opportunity to leave the country. Which would come to be a great decision. 

Tut and His Tomb By: Brenda

Have you ever wondered what it was like to rule at the age of nine? Tut died at the age of eighteen years old. They think he died because he might fall of hit himself on the head. When Tut became king his name changed and they called him Tutankhamen. Tut did not know about being king, he only notice a little bit. He got advice from other people. In this report, you will be focusing on King Tutankhamen and his tomb and at what age did he rule.

            Have you ever wondered why Tut ruled at the age of nine? Well his father, Akhenaton, was king. He ruled from 1352 BC to 1336 BC. Then he died and Tut was the replacement. Then Tutankhamen died at the age of eighteen year old. He relied on the help from palace officials and priests since he was a young boy. He needed help from adults. Since he was burly starting well it is hard to rule. Imagine Tut a kid of nine years old ruling; Wow, what a job. Ruling at the age of nine it would be a lot. I wonder how Tut kept this organized.

Have you ever wondered why Tut needed to marry his sister? Well Tut had to marry his sister so that he could become king .that’s their religious. Tut married ankhsenamun when they got married she was 12-13 years old. What I think of that is weird because they do not do that anymore in ancient Egypt ankhsenamun was the third child of Nefertiti and Akhenaton they had 6 daughters and 1 son tut and ankhsenamun were brothers and sisters.

Ancient Egyptian Pyramids By: Joseph Sieng

HAVE YOU EVER WONDERED ABOUT THE HISTORY OF PYRAMIDS? AN EGYPTOLOGIST FIGURED THAT PYRAMIDS WERE ACTALLY BUILT BY FARMERS OR FREE WORKERS, NOT SLAVES. MANY PYRAMIDS WHERE THE PHARAOHS TOMBS WERE CONTAINED A SECRET PASSAGE WAYS, AND TRAPS TO CATCH TOMB THEIFS. LAST THE STONES USED TO BUILD WERE LIMESTONE, BUT SINCE THEY WERE DRAGGED, THE SAND MIXED WITH IT AND GAVE IT IT ITS COLOR. THEREFORE THIS ESSAY WILL FOCUS ON PYRAMID BUILDERS, EGYPTIAN PYRAMID TOMBS, AND THE WAY PYRAMIDS WERE BUILT.         

HAVE YOU EVER WONDERED ABOUT PYRAMID BUILDERS AND THE WAY THEY WORKED? AN EGYPTOLOGIST SAYS THAT PYRAMIDS WEREN’T BUILT BY SLAVES; THEY WERE BUILT BY FREE WORKERS OR FARMERS THAT THOUGHT THAT ONCE THE PHARAOH DIED HE WOULD LOOK AFTER THEM. THIS EGYPTOLOGIST PROBABLY SAID THIS BECAUSE HE/SHE THOUGHT THAT BECAUSE THE PHARAOH HAD SO MANY WORKERS. HE PROBABLY GOT PEOPLE TO WORK FOR HIM FOR FREE. THE BLOCKS THAT PYRAMID BUILDERS USED WERE LIMESTONE, BUT SINCE THEY WERE DRAGGED THROUGH THE SAND IT MADE THE BLOCKS LOOK THE WAY THEY DO.  SINCE THEY WERE DRAGGED THEY GOT VERY SANDY. BUT BEFORE BEING DRAGGED THROUGH THE SAND IT WAS VERY SHINY. THE PYRAMID BUILDERS ONLY BUILT ABOUT THERE KINGS/PHARAOHS DURING THE OLD KINGDOM AND STOPPED THEM IN THAT PARTICULAR WAY BECAUSE THEY WERE EASY TO ROB. THEY BUILT THESE “ROYAL” PYRAMIDS TO PUT THE PHARAOHS IN WHEN THEY DIED BUT THEY DID IT IN MEMORY OF THE PHARAOH. THEY DID THESE PYRAMIDS THIS WAY BECAUSE THE EGYPTIANS HAD SO MUCH RESPECT FOR THE PHARAOH.                                            

HAVE YOU EVER WONDERED HOW EGYPTIAN PYRAMIDS WERE BUILT? THE ONLY ERA OF TIME THAT PYRAMID BUILDERS BUILT THINGS OR TOMBS IN MEMORY OF THEIR PHARAOHS WAS DURING THE OLD KINGDOM. IN OTHER WORDS WHEN THE PHARAOH DIED THERE WAS A SPECIAL COFFIN BUILT FOR HIM.  BECAUSE WHEN THE PHARAOH DIED IT WAS A VERY BIG DEAL BECAUSE OF THE MANY GREAT THINGS A PHARAOH COULD DO. THE SHAPE LATER PYRAMIDS COULD’VE COME FROM A TYPE OF “MOUND” ,  BUT WERE MODELED  ON A SPECIAL TYPE OF STONE, CALLED “BENBEN”.  WHAT THIS MEANS IS THAT WHEN MASTABAS’ PASSED, THEY STARTED TO USE THAT TYPE OF STRUCTURE. THEN THEY STARTED TO BUILD WHAT WE NOW CALL PYRAMIDS. ONCE THE TOMB WAS BUILT OR WHILE IT WAS BEING BUILT THEY SENT HIGHLY SKILLED CARVERS AND PAINETRS TO CARVE AND PAINT THE INSIDE OF THE PYRAMID OR TO DECORATE THE BURIAL CHAMBER. HOWEVER IF ONE OF THOSE TWO OR MORE PEOPLE MESSED UP THE TOMB WILL LOSE SOME POWER. IF THAT HAPPENED THE PHARAOH WON’T HAVE A SAFE TRIP INTO THE AFTERLIFE.

HAVE YOU EVER WONDERED WHY PYRAMIDS WERE BUILT? BEFORE BUILDING PYRAMIDS THERE WERE MASTABAS’ THAT HAD A COFFIN FOR THE PHARAOH. THEREFORE WHEN THE PHARAOH DIED THEY WOULD WRAP HIM AND DO THE RITUAL. THEN THEY WOULD PUT HIM IN THE MASTABAS. WHEN THEY STARTED TO BUILD PYRAMIDS THEY FIRST BUILT A MASTABAS AND THEY STARTED TO PLANT PYRAMID BLOCKS OVER IT AND AROUND THE MASTABAS. IN OTHER WORDS WHEN THEY BUILT PYRAMIDS, THE INNER PART WAS THE STONE MASTABAS. IT TOOK 100,000 MEN TO START BUILDING A PYRAMID. FINALLY TO FINISH THIS FACT IT TOOK ABOUT ONE 1 YEAR TO GET THAT MANY MEN. IT TOOK HALF OF THE MEN TO BUILD A MASTABAS.

Ancient Egyptian Mummification Process by Joshua Zaragoza

Have you ever wondered why the Egyptians would mummify or what was the process? The mummification process consents of 7 steps. They would mummify people because they thought there was an after life. There would be special people that would mummify other people. So in this paper it will focus on why they would mummify people, and the process they had to go through.

Who would do the mummifying?

Do you know the name of the people who would mummify, or what they did? The name of the people that would mummify are called, Embalmers they would spent most of there time on Egyptian royalty or other upper class members, some times but not all the times they would work on lower class but it is no often for people in the lower class to get mummified by the Embalmers, but when they did, they wouldn’t do it with care like they would to the upper class. They wouldn’t care in what they did, they gust wanted to get money when they mummify the lower class. The lower class would get mummified good or bad it all depends on the amount of money they would have. That is one reason why only rich would get mummified, and the poor would not often get mummified, in there time it would cost a lot to just get a coffin or a priest. So that is the job of an Embalmer in Ancient Egypt.

 Why do they mummify?

Do you know why mummifying was part of there religion? The Egyptians would, however excelled at the practice of their religion they would believed in an after life. For a person to end up in the after life. They thought the body would have to remain intact. This belief led to the Egyptians to preserve their bodies so the soul can remain alive in the next world. Your trip starts when you get mummified, then when you get to Anubis he would put your heart on a scale with the feather of truth because that was the only part of your inner organs. Then your trip continues to the after life. They have that trip because they think that it is a gate way to heaven, like in most religions. To sum it all up, the religion of mummification was important to them because they had to go to the after life, because they have to take there trip to the after life.

Mummification process 

Step 1: Announcement of Death

This first step was to let the people know that someone had died. A messenger was sent out to the streets to announce the death. This allowed people to get themselves ready for mourning period and ceremony.

Step 2: Embalming the Body

The second step was taking the body to be embalmed. The embalmers were located in special tents or buildings. These buildings were called embalming workshops, and were maintained by teams of priests. Oftentimes during the embalming, the priests would have to step outside to get away from the horrible smell.

Step 3: Removal of Brain

The first part of the body to be removed was the brain. Egyptians did not know the purpose of the brain, so they thought it was a waste of space. To extract the brain, a hook was inserted through the nose. The embalmers pulled out as much as they could, then put it in water to dissolve. Some people think the water was then thrown out, but others think it was taken with the mummy to the burial chamber.

Step 4: Removal of Internal Organ

Next to be removed were the internal organs: the liver, the lungs, the stomach, and the intestines. A small slit was made on the left side of the abdomen, then the embalmers reached in and pulled out the organs. Each of the organs was individually mummified, then stored in little coffins called canopic jars. There were four canopic jars, one for each of the organs. These jars were protected by the four sons of Horus. Once the internal organs were removed, the inside of the body was washed out with palm oil, lotions, and preserving fluids. Next the body was stuffed with linen, straw, or other packing material to keep the general shape of the person. Sometimes the embalmers were careless and either stuffed too much or too little. This caused the mummy to look puffy or disfigured.

Step 5: Drying Out Process

The body was placed on a slab and covered with either nacron or natron salt. The slab was tilted so that the water would run off into a basin. This removed moisture and prevented rotting. The body was taken outside and let dry for about forty days. After the body was completley dried out, the wrapping of the body began.

Step 6: Wrapping of the Body

Wrapping the body was a painstaking process. The body was anointed with oils, and a gold peice with the Eye of Horus was placed over the slit in the abdomen. Hundreds of yards of linen were used to wrap the body, and each toe and finger was wrapped separatley. Charms, amulets, and inscribed pieces of papyrus were placed between each layer of bandage. Egyptians believed that these charms had magical properties that would protect and bring luck to the body. The Eye of Horus, the symbol of protection, was used often. The wrapping process would be stopped every once in a while so that the priests could say certain prayers and write on the linen. A final shroud was placed on the mummy to keep all the wrappings together. Mummia was added to the shroud to "glue" it all together. (That's where the word "mummy" comes from.) Sometimes false eyes were inserted and make-up applied. Then a painted portrait mask was placed over the mummy's head so that dead person's soul (Ka) could recognize its owner. The mummy was then placed into a painted, decorated coffin.

To sum it all up, the importance of the mummification process is that people now don’t mummify, they are just looking for the way that the ancient Egyptians would mummify, or what they would use to preserve the bodies for a very long time. That is just another mystery for the world to be uncovered.     

 

Mummification, Death, and Afterlife By: Rocio Perez

          Have you ever wondered what mummification is? People had to go through the mummification is? People had to go through the mummification process. Ancient Egyptians mummified because they believed that they had an afterlife and people who mummified were called Embalmers. I will be talking about the mummification process, people who mummified and why they mummified.

Have you ever wondered what the steps of mummification are? The first step was to announce the death of a person/ruler. Referring to this step this allowed people to their mourning period and ceremony. Also to let people know when someone died. The second step was to take the body to be embalmed. To know were they will take them. Also to know who they were going to mummify. The third step was to remove the brain. To know why they removed Also to know why they mummified. The fourth step was to take out the organs. To know if they took the organs out. Also to know if the organs were token off. The fourth step was to take the organs. To know if the organs were token off from the body. Also to know what was token off. The fifth step was to place the body on a slab and covered with either nacron or natron salt. The slab was tilted so that the water would run off into a basin. This removed moister and preserved rotting. The body was taken outside and let dry for about forty days. After the body was completely dried out, the wrapping of the body began. To know what was on the slab. And why they placed them there. The sixth step was to start the wrapping. They mummified the fingers separately. The organs were mummified separately too and put on a jar called canopic jars. They placed a piece of gold with the eye of Horus over the slit on the abdomen. Then they placed the body in the decorated coffin. The seventh step was the friends and family to take the coffin in burial place. This step was important because to know were they were mummified. And why they put them there.   

          Have you ever wondered what people mummified and were they were located? People who mummified were called embalmers. This is important because this helped  people know what they were called. Also because people who took the body wouldn’t be wondering what they were called. The priest was the one to perform the ceremony of the death of a pharaoh. This helps the people know what the priest had to do. Also to know what the priest was in charge of. The embalmers were located in a special tent or building. To know were they were located. Also to know in what they mummified. The building or tent were called embalming workshops. This helped people find the building. Also to know what the building was called. In conclusion the embalmers and priest was part of the mummification.

          Have you ever wondered why they mummified? They mummified because they had many different believes. One of their believes was that they had an afterlife. To know why they mummified. Also their believes because their believes are important. They also mummified because they thought that they would go to afterlife quicker. They mummified because they believed that. Also because that was part of their religion. They mummified ONLY rich people if they mummified poor people they wouldn’t care and not do it carefully. This will help people know what people they would mummify correctly. Also to know if they mummified poor people. They mummified because it was part of their religion.  

    

          Therefore, the mummification process was important because there was more ways to mummify. The embalmers and the priest were the ones who mummified. They mummified because they believed that they had an afterlife. And get to afterlife quicker. Lastly, in this report I learned about the mummification process which had a lot of steps. Overall, I learned why and who mummified.

My Trip To Egypt (Aaron Garcia and Arturo Martinez)

Have you ever wondered how weapons were made or in Ancient Egypt? Weapons and tools were made a long time ago and it’s still present today. The weapons were use for war. The tools are use to create weapons and other things. This paper will focus on weapons and tools and these are my subtopics what tools did they use?, and what soldiers used what?


 In Ancient Egypt weapons used to create weapons and to protect themselves and they’re many soldiers that used tools. The shields are a large extent and its heavy for some soldiers because some shields are stronger and their made out of metal. The author meant that the shields are very heavy and that some soldiers couldn’t hold them. This is important because this is what I am looking for and it’s about weapons and tools. The shields are use to protect themselves from dangerous weapons and huge weapons. The author means that the metal shields are heavier and stronger because wood is not that strong as metal. These matters to me because it depends how well are the shields that are part of weapons. This is important because it talks about weapons and tools. The metal shields are heavier then the other shields because the metal is heavy. The author meant that some soldiers carried shields to protect themselves from huge weapons. This matters to me because it’s important and because it talks about weapons and how strong they are. Therefore many soldiers created weapons and with the tools and weapons stronger but their old today.

A wrist protector was worn on his left wrist to protect himself from the whip. I think that it was made of something that can burn you’re skin in an instant. Because of climate very little armor was worn in Africa. It is so hot that they had no shirts. An ax was used for killing enemies. They use this axes for slicing hands, and maybe heads. With the ax it will be easier to kill enemies.       

 The first paragraph is about shields and the tools that were use to create the shields. The second paragraph is about that some Ancient Egypt soldiers couldn’t carry some shields because there were heavy. The third paragraph is about wrists and how they kill them easily and the mace is a strong weapon that kills billions of enemies. The mace is a type of weapon that kills millions of them. The fourth paragraph is about axeses and how they use them to cut hands and maybe heads.                                                                     

Ancient Egypt Fashion By: Gloria Deodanes

       Have you ever wonder who wore jewelry in Ancient Egypt? In Ancient Egypt consisted a lot of colors in their clothing and generally adored with gems and jewelry. The poor people who could not afford jewelry would try to adorn themselves with as much jewelry as possible. The amount of jewelry that was worn indicated their social position and level of wealth. This paper will focus on Ancient Egypt fashion who wore the jewelry, women’s clothing, and make-up.

       Have you ever wondered what kind of jewelry did they wear and what kind of people can afford jewelry? People in Ancient Egypt wore jewelry to show their wealth and because they believed it was attractive to the gods. The Ancient people that wore jewelry were rich and that show their wealth. I think this is important because it depended what you wear.

       They wore rings, ear-rings, bracelets, decorated buttons, necklaces, neck collars, and pendants. I think this is important because it describes what jewelry was back then rich people could only afford jewelry made out of gold and precious stones. Ancient Egyptions that were rich could only buy gold because poor people didn’t have a lot of money. I think this is not fair for the poor people. Therefore only rich people could afford jewelry that was made of gold. When Ancient Egyptians walk in the street’s they know it your wealthy or poor.

       Have you ever wondered what did the rich people wore and how did they decorated their clothing? Egypt women wore full length straight dresses with one or two shoulder straps. Women in Ancient Egypt wore dresses with 1 or 2 shoulder straps. It’s important because its telling how women wore their dresses in the past. Rich people wore transparent linen. Ancient Egypt rich people wore transparent linen not the poor people.

       Men and women decorated their clothes with jewelry and headdresses. It means that they would wear their cloth’s with jewelry. It’s important to me because even these days people wear clothing with jewelry. BUT NOT MEN! Therefore women would wear 1 or 2 shoulder straps dresses. They would also wear transparent linen.

Have you ever wondered what did Ancient Egyptians do with make-up? Men and women wore make-up. Ancient Egypt men’s and women’s wore make-up. I think this is strange because know only women puts make-up.

       They use black kohl eyeliner to line their eyes and darken their eye lashes and eye brows. Henna dye was used to colored their lips and nails. They would paint their nails and lips with henna dye. This is super weird using henna for lips and nails. Therefore men and women would wear make-up. Henna dye was was use for lips and nails.

       Therefore, in Ancient Egypt if you wore jewelry it would show your wealth if you’re poor or rich. Men and women wore clothing with jewelry and headdresses. Also women and men wore make-up. Lastly I learned that a lot of rich people could afford better stuff than poor people. Overall I learned was that men used to wear make-up so as women.